Nice! I'd agree - it looks like you'd have to at least partially drive out the shaft to get that belt remounted anyway, (I'd also recommend a new belt while in the process), and bearings are relatively cheap, so I'd definitely recommend replacing the bearings while it's apart.
For the bearings, there are lots of sources, but McMaster is likely the easiest to navigate online. Just have calipers handy and measure the inner race, outer race, and thickness, and you should be all good. Given the age of your lathe, I doubt the original bearings were sealed, (though maybe), vs open, but I would suggest getting "sealed" replacements. I doubt you'll spend more than $50 on new bearings, maybe less, and they'll likely "forever". Another ~70 years anyway if those are still the original bearings, (likely).
Enjoy the process, take your time, and in the end, you'll certainly have a very high quality beast of a lathe to work with!
There are whole other rabbit holes you can go down from here if you're not happy w/ the speed range from the reeves drive - VFD's for "modern" ~infinite electronic speed control, etc, but I'd suggest tackling one hurdle at a time.