I am building one right now in my house. It is a bit weird, and it is not quite circular. Rise is about 13", with 19 steps. It has a single stringer in the middle and is floating (only attached at bottom and top). Stringer is fabricated/welded from 4" pipe and 2x6 rectancular tubing, teads will be wood (maple or oak).
I never build a set of stairs before so it took me a while to design, calculate and make it code compliant.
I am tack-welding the individual pieces in place with a small 110V welder, then moving it back to the shop and complete the welding with a larger machine. The stairs are in three pieces tapped and bolted together. Once all done in the rough, I'll sandblast it and powdercoat (or paint) it, reassemble it in place and add the wooden steps and handrail.
I decided on a mixed steel-wood construction because I like a contemprary design. The steel adds the strengths and sleek design, the wooden treads and handrails give it the 'warm' touch.
Steel is also easier to adapt/use/ build where there are high strength and load requirements with a lot of direction changes.
I'll add some pics when I'll get home from work.
Off course I haven't answered any of your question. I, too, tried to find same info on how to build stairs, but didn't find anything I liked. Most books were geared towards making ornate rplicas of stairs. I found looking at stair manufacturers web sites was somewhat helpful. I finally happen to find a picture of a set of stairs that I liked. So I took the overall design and changed it for what I like to have.
Cheers,
Bernhard