Draw a circle of any desired radius. Draw a line from the radius point (the center) to any point on the circle.
Using a protractor, lay out a 72° angle and extend the angle to the circle. Continue around the circle. You should have five wedges, each being 72°. Connect the circle dots.
If you want to make a large star, you might consider using my friend trigonometry to define the angles instead of a small protractor.
The tangent function is your buddy, and it's available on your computer's calculator. Make sure you have selected the scientific calculator from the VIEW tab.
If you key in 72 and then press the TAN button, you will see this monster: 3.0776835371752534025702905760369
This is relationship between two right angle legs and a 72° angle.
Draw a line up (north) from the radius point through the circle.
Measure up this line (north) 10", mark it, then put your square along the line and from the 10" mark, go out right (to the east) 10" X 3.07, or 30.77", which is 30- 3/4" close enough for this. Connect the endpoints and that's real darned close to 72°. Check this with your protractor (measure twice, you know).
Now, take your dividers and measure the "chord", that is, the straight line between where the north line and the 72° line intersect the circle. (This would be between P and Q in Figure 2.) Walk your dividers around the arc, and you're setting off exactly even angles. Mark those tick marks and connect the dots.
Trig is very helpful in getting things much closer when you work with large dimensions where a tiny protractor introduces significant error. Sort of the old 3-4-5 deal.
I spent 35 years doing this stuff, if y'all want any help on how to layout using geometry and trig, gimme a shout.